Whitman ( 1985) and Young-mee Yu Cho ( 1988) argue for dialectal variation, mainly focusing on the fact that deleting consonants vary between Seoul Korean and Kyungsang Korean. Even though there has been an agreement on the obligatoriness of CCS in the isolation forms of nouns in Korean, not much analysis has recently been provided as to which consonant is deleted or preserved, except for research conducted over 30 years ago. However, this is not always the case for other clusters, such as /lk/, where C 1 /l/ is deleted, but C 2 /k/ is preserved (e.g. For example, for /ps/, it is always C 1 /p/ that is preserved, while C 2 /s/ is deleted (e.g. However, CCS seems inconsistent across clusters. In other words, tautosyllabic consonants that are adjacent to each other are ungrammatical, and thus simplification via deletion is motivated to resolve the illicit forms. 1 This is due to the language-specific phonotactic restriction that consonant clusters are not allowed either in onset or in coda in Korean. It also occurs when noun stems are followed by a consonant-initial suffix: for instance, /ka ps-to/ ‘price too’ and /ta lk-to/ ‘chicken too’ (1b). Kong-On Kim & Shibatani 1976): for example, /ka ps/ ‘price’ and /ta lk/ ‘chicken’ (1a). In Korean, mandatory consonant cluster simplification (CCS) occurs in the isolation forms of nouns (e.g. The problematic structures are resolved by different phonological strategies, such as consonant deletion or vowel epenthesis, in different languages (e.g. ![]() This study is significant, in that it sheds light on a blind spot in the discussions of variation in stem-final consonant clusters in Korean and provides a comprehensive analysis that connects consonant cluster simplification in isolation forms with conservative/innovative forms in inflected forms.Ĭonsonant clusters are universally more marked than simplex consonants in terms of syllable well-formedness. While the nature of the consonant cluster turned out to be a significant factor for variation in inflected forms, other factors (inflectional suffixes, speakers’ regional dialects, and gender) did not. Innovative forms in particular are accounted for in relation to consonant cluster simplification in isolation forms of nouns, following Kenstowicz’s (1996) Base-Identity effect. ![]() Results of a production experiment show that there is a stark dichotomy between the clusters that share the same feature (/ps/, /ks/, /lm/) and those that do not (/lp/, /lk/, /ls/): the former preferred conservative forms, whereas the latter favored innovative forms. When it comes to simplification, it has also been unclear which of C 1 or C 2 undergoes deletion, and why. However, there has been no study about dominant patterns across clusters: which consonant cluster is more prone to preservation or simplification when inflected. conservative), or simplified by deleting one of the two consonantal elements C 1 and C 2 (i.e. It is well-established that the Korean stem-final consonant clusters are either fully faithfully preserved (i.e. This study investigates how Korean stem-final consonant clusters /ps/, /ks/, /lp/, /lk/, /ls/, and /lm/ exhibit variation, when a vowel-initial inflectional suffix is attached to noun stems.
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